Nala - это внешний интерфейс для libapt-pkg. В частности, используется интерфейс python-apt api.
Для пользователей, особенно начинающих, может быть трудно понять, что apt пытается сделать при установке или обновлении.
Nala решает эту проблему, не показывая некоторые избыточные сообщения, лучше форматируя пакеты и используя цвет, чтобы показать, что конкретно произойдет с пакетом во время установки, удаления или обновления.
Параллельные загрузки
Помимо красивого форматирования, причина номер один для использования Nala вместо apt - это параллельная загрузка.
apt загружает один пакет за раз, в то время как мы загружаем несколько. По умолчанию загружатся по два пакета на каждое уникальное зеркало в вашем файле sources.list, а максимум 16. То есть теоретически Nala может загружать в 16 раз быстрее, чем apt. Ограничение в два потока на зеркало установлено, чтобы минимизировать количество пакетов, которые загружаются с зеркал. Кроме того, загрузка чередуется между доступными зеркалами, чтобы еще больше увеличить скорость загрузки. Если зеркало не работает по какой-либо причине, мы просто пробуем следующее, пока все определенные зеркала не будут исчерпаны.
Примечание: Nala не использует APT для загрузки и проверки пакетов
Fetch
Это подводит нас к следующей отличительной особенности - nala fetch.
Эта команда работает аналогично тому, как работают netselect и netselect-apt. nala fetch проверяет, является ли ваш дистрибутив Debian или Ubuntu. Затем Nala получает все зеркала из соответствующего мастер-листа. После тестируется задержка и оценивается каждое зеркало. Затем Nala выбирает три самых быстрых зеркала (настраиваемых) и пишет их в файл.
На данный момент fetch будет работать только на Debian, Ubuntu и производных, все еще привязанных к основным репозиториям. Например, Pop!_OS.
History
Наша следующая важная функция - это команда **nala history **.
Если вы знакомы с dnf, она работает точно так же. Каждую установку, удаление или обновление мы сохраняем в файле /var/lib/nala/history.json с уникальным номером . В любой момент вы можете вызвать nala history, чтобы распечатать сводку всех транзакций, когда-либо выполненных. Затем вы можете манипулировать этим с помощью таких команд, как nala history undo или nala history redo . Если в файле истории есть что-то, что вам не нужно, вы можете использовать команду nala history clear . Она удалит эту запись. В качестве альтернативы для команды clear мы принимаем в качестве аргумента команду all, которая удалит всю историю.
Установка
Volian Scar Repo
Установите репозиторий Volian Scar, а затем установите Nala.
Примечание: В настоящее время поддерживаются только пакеты amd64, arm64 и armhf
echo “deb [arch=amd64,arm64,armhf] http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list
wget -qO - https://deb.volian.org/volian/scar.key | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.gpg > /dev/null
sudo apt update && sudo apt install nala
Можно установить nala и из репозитория с исходным кодом:
echo “deb-src http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list
Debian Package
Вы также можете загрузить наш .deb пакет и установить его локально с помощью apt или dpkg.
Чтобы загрузить пакет, перейдите на страницу “Releases”.
Для установки вы можете использовать одну из двух приведенных ниже команд для установки nala.
sudo apt install /path/to/nala_version_arch.deb
или
sudo dpkg -i /path/to/nala_version_arch.deb sudo apt install -f
Документация
На данный момент нет сайта с документацией, но наша man-страница достаточно хорошо все объясняет.
Nala зеркалируется на нескольких сайтах, таких как GitHub (https://github.com/volitank/nala) и даже Debian Salsa.
Официальным репозиторием nala является https://gitlab.com/volian/nala
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